Evaluation Of A Checklist Assessment - 1538 Words

Assessments play an important role in language development. Assessments allow teachers to become aware of children’s language competencies by using a variety of assessments, forms, and documentation to assess the child’s language. Assessments also play an important role in helping to diagnose and document developmental delays and specific language disorders. Assessments help teachers to plan appropriate learning activities, to respond to accountability concerns, and engage in periodic and on-going assessments. Purpose of Checklist â€Å"Checklists are composed of lists of characteristics or behaviors that are the focus of an observation† (Otto, 2014, p. 339). The purpose of a checklist assessment is to keep track of behaviors and developmental competencies. A checklist should note a child’s behavior that would be directly related to target characteristics by documenting your observations. A checklist also helps teachers to document a child’s early means of communicating. It is important to write down criteria or evidence that a student is and can demonstrate the outcome. Purpose of an Anecdotal Record â€Å"An anecdotal record is generally written in a narrative format, providing a descriptive account of language-related behaviors during a specified time† (Otto, 2014, p. 345). Anecdotal records focus more on general areas of language competency like vocabulary. Anecdotal records are open- ended and they are less structured. Anecdotal records are an effective way for teachers toShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Future Elementary Educator1361 Words   |  6 Pageselementary educator, I know that there are various methods for assessing students. In my opinion, assessment should vary depending on the age group being assessed. Students throughout elementary school learn in different ways and develop different levels of thinking as their learning progresses. A kindergarten student does not learn material in the same manner as a fifth grader; therefore, assessments should fit the objectives and goals of the students and also project their level of thi nking andRead MoreEvaluation And Explain The Four Stages Of The Assessment Process1486 Words   |  6 Pagesto define â€Å"evaluation† and explain the four stages of the assessment process. Evaluations are a critical part of the learning process. Assessments not only evaluates the students’, but also the teacher since they are able to evaluate their own techniques and skills. The first thing addressed in the reading is an explanation of the difference between an â€Å"evaluation† and an â€Å"assessment†. Tenbrink (2015) describes the four stages of the evaluation process. The first step in the evaluation process isRead MoreEnglish Language Development Lesson Plan1494 Words   |  6 PagesESL Textbook Evaluation According to the English Language Development lesson plan (ELD), learning or developing English is the main objective, and it asserts that content can only be learned when one has developed their English language by use of rich content through grade-appropriate text. In addition, through this plan teachers usually teach the English language as a second language through a system that is differentiated according to English language development levels. In setting up a criteriaRead MoreChildren With Suspected Childhood Apraxia Of Speech1224 Words   |  5 Pagesof disorder. In some other cases, it can be an unknown cause, meaning it can happen out of the blue, or by mutations. One of the articles is based off of reliability and validity testing and scoring by the Dynamic Evaluation of Motor Speech Skills, while the other has different assessments that were tested and transcribed. First Summary of Article One In the article, â€Å"Differential Diagnosis of Children with Suspected Childhood Apraxia of Speech†, the authors describe the signs of a child having ChildhoodRead MoreEvaluating Internal Controls980 Words   |  4 PagesChecklist for Evaluating Internal Controls ACC/544 April 29, 2013 Christine Errico Checklist for Evaluating Internal Controls Internal controls are methods a company implements to safeguard and protect the company in its day-to-day operations as well as its financial information. To ensure these controls are effective and performing properly a company must evaluate these controls. In performing this evaluation a company should use the three phases of the control evaluation. These phasesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Program Evaluation994 Words   |  4 PagesProgram Evaluation Time-Out is the title for the proposed program, providing prevention and solution-based services to African American high school student-athletes in Hampton, Virginia (Baskerville, 2015). To begin with, this paper will provide a comprehensive program evaluation model for the program. Secondly, it will outline the evaluation framework the program will use to evaluate the program. Next, the paper will provide a timeline detailing when critical evolution task for the program willRead MorePros and Cons of Assessments1486 Words   |  6 PagesPros and Cons of Assessment Assessments are an everyday occurrence in classrooms around the world. There are many different types of assessments, which generally fall into formal and informal. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. The major importance is selecting the right assessment. It is up to the teacher to decide what information is needed and how that information is collected. Formal Assessments Formal assessments are a way of observing and recording information in a highlyRead MoreAnalysis of the Performance Management System1469 Words   |  6 Pagesapparently has not explored other current performance appraisal methods for its employees. It might have been a good idea to try and test alternative and new methods of performance evaluation such as self-performance assessment and others which will be discussed at a later stage in my presentation. The former (self-performance assessment) has been used and applied successfully in my organization for which I am working and has yielded good results and enhanced employee performance as well as employee – employerRead MoreIncreasing Utilization Of Mental Health And Health Services777 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber that take advantage of the services, and records of attendance sheets for preventive workshops. Maintaining confidentiality between the CBO partners and the families that benefit from their services will be of utmo st importance during the evaluation period. Personal information will not be revealed, nor any other information that could, in any way, be considered a breach of confidentiality. The post-treatment method consist of a focus group that will be conducted with parents and studentsRead MoreStudent Achievement Assessment Essay563 Words   |  3 Pages(2000) stated checklist is appropriate choice for evaluating when the information is limited to the determination of whether specific criteria have been met. The checklist is used for diagnostic and is able to chart student’s progress. Many marking criteria can be subjective, however the marking criteria is not seen in this way as decisions are seen as definite (Dart and Boulton-Lewis 1998). There are a number of different types of checklists such as behaviour checklist, product checklist, and procedural

Women s Rights For Disabled Women Essay - 750 Words

(ii) From MacMurchy to Galton, sterilisation to technological innovations, rights for women to rights for disabled women , the stigmatisation of disabled families has long been a complex of systemic alienation and destruction: mental defect is the chief cause of immorality and venereal discourse (Dr. MacMurchy 1910) . Disabled families are viewed in quantitative measures of lack and qualitative markers of excess in the notion of sexual citizenship. The establishment of new exclusionary normative caught up in an inappropriate neo-liberal agenda (Shildrick 2014, 135). Corrective discourses dominate discursive approaches to directing the disabled family agency towards normative measures of ability, competence, and capacity. Fundamentally a heterosexist framework (135), nebulous family models consist of able-bodied ideality demarcating socio-economic relation. The nuclear family stands as a symbolic representation of what an ideal form of national identity should consist of: cultural att itudes which value individualism and competition above social support and the recognition of a diversity of individual needs (Wilde Hoskison-Clark 2014, 56). Socio-economic circumstances lead to attitudinal environments where class became a socio-cultural marker for prohibiting inappropriate family form . Therein, rigid attributes of masculinity and femininity, in a sex-gender system, pivot domesticate marital roles. Family modes of behaviour are juxtaposed to a topography ofShow MoreRelatedDisability As A Metaphor For Inferiority990 Words   |  4 PagesInferiority While disability rights and awareness have advanced, disabled people have not been able to wrest total control of the discrimination placed upon them due to the way society uses the idea of disability as a metaphor signifying human incapacity. In Douglas C. Baynton’s, Disability and the Justification of inequality in American History, he analyzes the controlling metaphor of disability through race. Similarly, watching Donald Trump s infamous speech where he mocks a disabled reporter shows howRead MoreDisabled Students With Their Special Education887 Words   |  4 Pagessociety is disabled people who are not receiving the necessary benefits. For instance, most of the disabled individuals do not receive equal benefits because they do not have a job. Most do not have access to medical or insurance because they do not have a job in which they can support themselves. This kind of discrimination and treatment creates disabled people to have feelings of anger and sadness as they a re not being protected and their rights are violated. Society characterizes disabled people asRead MoreForced Sterilization On Women During The United States1617 Words   |  7 PagesForced sterilization on women â€Å"In the United States, 15 states have laws that fail to protect women with disabilities from involuntary sterilization† (Against her will). Sterilization of disabled women in the United States should not be allowed. It denies disabled women the rights of having children. It is sexist to force women to get sterilized but men do not have to get sterilized. Women should have the right to have children, no matter if they have a disability or if something is wrong with herRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?844 Words   |  4 Pageswoman wanting an abortion for a child with a disability such as, getting raped, not being financially stable enough to give the child a good quality of life, and the disruption of families a child with a disability can cause (D.I. Bromage). I believe women should be able to do whatever they choose with their body and if they want an abortion, no matter how healthy or not the baby is, they should be able to go through with an abortion without backlash . Prenatal testing and selective abortion is a goodRead MoreIs Sexuality Shaped By Other Social Factors?1628 Words   |  7 PagesHeteronormative here meaning: the assertion that heterosexuality is the only sexual orientation and there are roles that come with it. There is also a dehumanising fetishisation of people with disabilities that exists within certain groups. While rights for people with disabilities have come a long way, with perceptual shifts surrounding their daily lives, ultimately the notion of sexual agency amongst people with disabilities is often erased or portrayed in a false or misleading manner. Able-bodiedRead MoreSociology and Disabilities1187 Words   |  5 PagesIf the technology became available for the deaf to hear completely, would you want your deaf child to have this technology? It is every parent s dream for their child to grow up healthy and happy. There are so many children in the world that do not have the ability to hear, and it is a horrible thing. Many would think it wrong for a parent to not want to give their child the gift of sight. If I had a child that was deaf, I would do everything in my power to help them get their hearing. IfRead MoreWomen s Rights And The Reform Movement905 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Britain, with colonists from the newly formed United States demanding their individual and colony’s rights. They advocated for representation, their individual rights, and the issue of sovereignty. With the ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791, individual rights overall were thought to be â€Å"protected† in the newly libera ted Unites States. Yet the continued limiting of women’s rights, treatment of the mentally handicapped and emancipated slaves, the individual liberties colonists believedRead MoreCluster 1: Article 7 (Women In Political And Public Life).1386 Words   |  6 PagesCluster 1: Article 7 (Women in Political and Public Life) Issue: Women in Brazil aren t represented equally in political and public life in comparison to their male counterparts. Specifically, women are represented less within political parties and even lower within parliament and government. Moreover, black, indigenous, young, lesbian, disabled, rural, domestic and poor women are being represented even less in the spaces of power.       State Role:   The official CEDAW Report does acknowledgeRead MorePoverty in America Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesFederal Government defines poverty as income that falls below the United States Poverty threshold. (Begun 95). If a person is below or right at the poverty line they are considered poor. It also refers to the lowest level of income a person can make and afford the minimum necessities. (Bender and Leone 23). The poverty line was adopted by the government in the mid 1960s. Not included in the income figure are cash benefits such as food stamps and Medicaid.(Le Vert 50). The poverty rate is adjustedRead MoreChildren s Books : An Essential Part Of A Child s Life1105 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"You take off that hat and say Howdy-do or I m going to give you such a lickin ! Joel Harris, the author, never intended for his books to be racist, they were just a reflection of the society that he lived in (Harris, pg. 7, 1907). The Civil Rights Movement brought the need for books about c hildren of all colors to people’s attention. There needed to be books that represented all Americans, not just the white people. Many authors of color, like Mildred Taylor, Alma Flor Ada and Walter Dean

Customs Administration Of Australian International Trade - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Customs Administration Of Australian International Trade. Answer: Traditionally customs has been responsible for the implementation of different policies under the authorities of government agencies. In this regard, the role of administrative customs has favorably changed in recent years and therefore in order to deal with the issues of trade operations the custom authorities are entrusted with various obligations. Therefore in order to provide appropriate explanation to the changes made by a customs administration for the purpose of improving the level of compliance and the level of facilitation a reference of a journal article has been provided- Widdowson, D., Blegen, B., Kashubsky, M., Grainger, A. (2014). Review of accredited operator schemes: an Australian study.World Customs Journal,8(1), 17-34. The abovementioned article is commissioned to examine the introduction of a change made the customs administration of Australian international trade and transport industry in order to improve level of compliance and level of facilitation. In this regard, the customs administration have introduced Accredited Operator (AO) schemes which have been implemented for the purpose of minimizing compliance costs and the costs of facilitation in order to ensure effective functioning of industries operations in the presence of global competition. In this regard it is noteworthy to mention here that the change introduced by the administrative customs by introducing the Accredited Operator (AO) scheme proved to be beneficial in addressing the issues related to security and regulatory operations of trade facilities (Petersone, Krastins Ketners, 2015). However, it is worth noting that in order to improve facilitation, the business agencies all over the globe have been implementing various changes a nd schemes in order to provide security to international supply chains which facilitates the operation of legitimate trade. It is worth mentioning that by implementing the AO schemes the private sectors could easily manage compliances and regulatory responsibilities (Feiyi, 2014). Therefore, the AO programs have been efficient in maintaining a close relation between the operational regulators and the industry by reflecting bilateral commitment in improvising both regulatory compliance and facilitation levels. It is evident that business ventures enter into partnership agreements by providing relevant information about their regulatory framework and transactions for the purpose of establishing appropriate compliance and facilitation levels (Han McGauran, 2014). In this context, these business operations require the assistance of a separate program in order to ensure swift functioning of their systems (Freund 2016). Therefore due to this reason the AO scheme has created great impact in evaluating the level of compliance. In some cases the authorities of administrative customs seeks to facilitate the creation of an environment which would be beneficial for the firms in maximizing their entitlements by complying with the requirements of trade (Freund, 2016). Therefore the Accredited Operator proposed by the customs administrator of Australian international trade and transport industry has created favorable impact in the regulations of trade. In this regard, the AO programs provided the trading companies with an opportunity to achieve clarity and certainty in evaluating the liabilities and entitlements which are associated with trade operations (Petersone, Krastins Ketners, 2015). In this way the AO schemes allowed the trading firms to carry on business operations without fearing any obstacle from any regulatory bodies in cases of transactions and recovering facilitation costs. The Revised Kyoto Convention has facilitated trade practices by simplifying the procedures and practices of Customs. Therefore, the Revised Kyoto Convention has provided efficient standards and practices in order to cope up with the modern techniques of Customs (Tudor, 2014). However if international trading authorities wishes to become a member of the Revised Kyoto Convention then such contracting party is bound to accept the principles depicted in such convention (Turner, 2015). The principles as mentioned in the Kyoto Revised Convention which are relevant to the changes made by the customs administration are- The transparency and uniformity of the Customs actions. The necessary control on Customs for the purpose of ensuring efficient compliance with the regulations of trade. Integrated interventions with the international border agencies. The changes facilitated by other international convention can be emphasized. The Customs Authority of Canada formulated the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency for the purpose of assigning regulatory responsibilities to the trading firms in order to reflect government priorities (Tudor, 2014). The newly formed Canada Border Service Agencies (CBSA) was entrusted with the responsibility of inspecting into matters related to national security, crisismanagement and food inspection and immigration (Turner, 2015). In this regard, it can be stated that in recent times with an increase in global competition two different customs administrations shall not perform the same functions. In Hong Kong due to the existence of free port policies much emphasis is laid on the classification of tariff and valuation which are relevant to the Department of Customs and Exercise (Han McGauran, 2014). The U.S Customs and Border Protection were initiated by the U.S Customs administration in order to involve cl osely with the activities of international trade for the purpose of improving the security systems of their supply chains (Feiyi 2014). In this regard, others changes can be suggested which are based on the changes made by the Customs administrations. It is worth stating that the international trading communities have undertaken favorable measures for the purpose of minimizing government intervention (Biljan, 2014). It can be observed that in recent years, the government intervention has increased has gradually increased in commercial transactions which widely affected the facilitation of trade (Han McGauran, 2014). Therefore, it is important on the part of the international to minimize the interference of government activities as much as possible. In modern era with the changing expectations of the international trading community, the activities governed the issues of commercial realities (Petersone, Krastins Ketners, 2015). Therefore it can be suggested that the international trading communities should introduce cheapest, simplest and reliable methods in order to export and import goods in a short time. In this w ay the customs administrations would be able to deal efficiency with the government policies and the interaction of the government would be minimal. References: Biljan, J. A. (2014). Good governance in Customs: the case of the Republic of Macedonia. In Corporate Governance (pp. 101-115). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Feiyi, W. (2014). Strategy,Strategic Management and Customs Strategic Management: A Conception of Analytical Framework [J]. Journal of Customs and Trade, 1, 002. Freund, C. (2016). Other New Areas: Customs Administrations and Trade Facilitation, Anticorruption, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, and More. Assessing the Trans-Pacific Partnership, 2, 16-4. Han, C. R., McGauran, R. (2014). Tracing trails: Implications of tax information exchange programs for customs administrations. World Customs Journal, 8(2), 3-13. Petersone, M., Krastins, A. V., Ketners, K. (2015). Development of system of state revenue service performance indicators. Economic Science for Rural Development, 190. Tudor, F. (2014). Role of Customs and Border Cooperation in Fighting the Terrorism Financing and Funding Proliferation. AGORA Int'l J. Jurid. Sci., 181. Turner, R. (2015). Barriers to customs entry at the time of disaster in developing countries: mitigating the delay of life-saving materials. World Customs Journal, 9(1), 3-14. Widdowson, D., Blegen, B., Kashubsky, M., Grainger, A. (2014). Review of accredited operator schemes: an Australian study.World Customs Journal,8(1), 17-34.

Who is Beyonce

Introduction Beyonce is arguably the top female musician in the world. From a career that emerged from the success of an all-girl music group, she has received several accolades for her music and acting careers. Her success has attracted a lot of media attention from critics and fans alike.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Who is Beyonce? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, her recent engagement and wedding to rapper Jay-Z has even brought more media attention to the laid-back musician. Now, most entertainment observers consider Beyonce and Jay Z as America’s â€Å"power couple† (â€Å"Beyonce, Jay-Z Top† par. 1). In several ways, Beyonce has been in the limelight for most parts of the last decade. Thus, different media have always contained different stories about her. This paper compares the singer’s image in the news media and academic literature by arguing that both sour ces share more similarities than differences in how they portray the artist. Notably, this paper shows that academic literatures are concerned with Beyonce’s role in female empowerment and healthy living, while her media image focuses on her glamour, music, sex symbolism, and style. The structure of this paper first analyzes Beyonce’s image in academic literature. Subsequent sections of this paper highlight her image in news media. The last section of this paper compares both images (in news media and academic literature). Image in Academic Literatures Symbol of Female Empowerment Professionally, Beyonce’s image has easily appeared besides other powerful African-American personalities, like Michael Jordan, Oprah Winfrey, Michelle Obama and the likes. Most of these comparisons stem from Beyonce’s success in the music industry and her ability to transcend the superficial and stereotypical image of African American women, as objects of sexual gratification ( within the confines of white supremacy) (Celeste 11).Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While it is important to appreciate the individual successes of music icons, such as Beyonce, many academic journals have found it difficult to do so outside the confines of race (Fan 117). Thus, in many academic circles, many researchers largely perceive Beyonce as an icon of female empowerment (Celeste 11). Feminists have especially championed this view. For example, Murphy (96) says Beyonce is an icon in the success of the third wave feminist movement. This perception led Murphy to say, â€Å"Beyonce is a girl power icon who is average but, beyond her star status, she is overwhelmingly portrayed as a normal and powerful woman† (96). Indeed, in one journal article, Celeste says, â€Å"The media has portrayed Knowles as empowered and in charge, as a mask to make oppressive f orces, such as the â€Å"sexualization† of black women and white supremacy, invisible† (12). The depiction of Beyonce as a female icon has made it difficult for scholars to ignore the racial identity within the discourse of female empowerment. Indeed, many academic literatures appreciate Beyonce’s stature as a woman of color. Therefore, unlike most female icons (mostly white women) that demonstrate the â€Å"girl power† ideology, Beyonce has achieved the same stature by demonstrating multiple talents and performing abilities. Evidence of Beyonce’s multi-talented nature comes from her career launch in the pop group, Destiny’s Child. Murphy says, â€Å"As a dancer, songwriter, and choreographer, she later catapulted her success into new fields, such as acting and fashion design† (p. 97). Through such multi-variable talents, scholars have not shied from associating Beyonce’s success with the third wave of feminism. Certainly, they have done so by associating racial identities with discussions concerning the empowerment of young women. African-American scholars have especially used the success of young African-American women, like Beyonce, to inspire African-American audiences.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Who is Beyonce? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Health Image Although Beyonce has received global accolades for being a top female musician, her image has transcended her professional career and delved into her lifestyle attributes. Notably, she has curved out an image of being an enviable female icon for healthy living. Academic journals that focus on healthy living have especially affirmed this image because they say Beyonce has an ideal body that most women strive to have. For example, Apple (111) exposed a study which asked women to state the body type they would like to have (the researchers gave the women the options of ch oosing the body types of four female celebrities including, Beyonce, Kate Moss, Keira Knightly, and Queen Latifa). Most of the respondents preferred Beyonce’s body style (â€Å"Men want a† 121). The emphasis on Beyonce as a fitness model stems from her widely publicized workout and diet plans. Concisely, her name has appeared in most health fitness regimes (â€Å"Another jar of† 50). For example, Beyonce’s workout plan exists in healthyceleb.com and motleyhealth.com (these websites advice people how to live healthy by maintaining a proper diet regime) (Borges 7). For example, Beyonce advises women on how to lose weight, at healthyceleb.com. She gives a step-by-step account of the time she wakes up, the types of activities she does for exercise, and how her diet helps her to be healthy. In the same forum, she advises most young women to breastfeed, as a way to stay healthy (Borges 7). Here, she emphasizes the importance of a vegetarian diet and its role in keeping her healthy (Borges 7). From the huge responses she receives from the website, Beyonce also provides a link for people to contact her personal trainer and get more advice on healthy living. Her success in health education has permeated through most academic literatures. News Media Image Flamboyant Image Beyonce’s image in mainstream media contrasts with her â€Å"academic† image. While the above sections of the paper highlight Beyonce as a motivational icon for racial minorities in America, her public image in mainstream media portrays her as a glamorous and flamboyant person.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As portrayed in the introduction section of this report, Beyonce’s image in news media largely premise on her superficial attributes, such as her sense of fashion, style, net worth, and the likes. For example, her recent marriage to rapper Jay Z has shifted most of her public image to her net worth, lifestyle, and influence in the music industry (Seno and Lukas 121). For example, many American newspapers picked an article from Forbes magazine to show the position of the â€Å"power couple† as America’s highest earning celebrity couple (â€Å"Beyonce, Jay-Z Top† par. 1). Such news has always been associated with huge monetary figures, to show how rich the artist is, and how she compares with other wealthy celebrities in the country. For instance, mainstream media have often compared Beyonce and Jay Z to Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt. Similar comparisons also exist with the celebrity couple Tom Brady and Gisele Bundschen (â€Å"Beyonce, Jay-Z Top† par . 2). Sex Icon Besides the media’s obsession with Beyonce’s money and wealth, the singer has adopted an image of being a crossover sex symbol in American music. Indeed, most news media have referred to the singer as â€Å"bootylicious,† â€Å"voluptuous,† and similar acronyms to denote her status as a sex symbol (Seno and Lukas 122). Partly, the singer, through the former all-girl music group, Destiny’s Child, affirmed this image through songs, like â€Å"bootylicious.† However, mainstream media have emphasized this image as the singer’s trademark. Beyonce’s image as a sex symbol largely differs from the star’s academic image. Certainly, earlier sections of this paper show that, academically, scholars have perceived Beyonce as a role model for women worldwide (Celeste 11). Scholars have also disassociated the singer from stereotypical images of African-American superstars as sex symbols (Celeste 11). However, this image appears to disappear in the news media because her image consistently depicts her as a sex symbol. This image has not only existed in music videos and television, but also in print media. For example, â€Å"Beyonce, Jay-Z Top† (par. 3) says, after Beyonce appeared on Tom Ford’s fashion show, in 2011, People magazine identified her as the world’s sexiest woman. Complex (a celebrity website) also named the singer the sexiest musician of all time. The list of other print media that have popularized Beyonce’s stature as a sex symbol is endless. For instance, VHA and GQ have also named the star as the sexiest woman of the century. This way, Beyonce has received several offers to appear on magazine covers from different entertainment outlets in America and Europe. Her success on this front has affirmed her image as a sex icon. Fashion Icon News media have also highly popularized Beyonce’s image as a fashion icon, to characterize her identity. Murphy (131 ) says this image has largely been popularized by mainstream media, but the Knowles family has also helped to cement it. For example, Beyonce’s mother co-authored a book, in 2002, titled, Destiny’s Style. She revealed that Beyonce’s fashion sense had a huge role to play in her success (Murphy 131). Independent fashion designers (who have worked with the star) have also reinforced this image. For example, one Italian fashion designer, Roberto Cavalli, also revealed that Beyonce’s success largely stemmed from her strong fashion sense (â€Å"Beyonce, Jay-Z Top† par. 3). He made this statement after referring to the diverse fashion styles used by the singer during her performances. Indeed, based on an assessment of Beyonce’s music videos, it is difficult to dispute the fact that Beyonce’s fashion sense ranges from a continuum of classic to contemporary fashion styles. Again, magazines and other types of news media have not shied from affi rming Beyonce’s image as a fashion icon. For example, People Magazine listed Beyonce as the best dressed celebrity of 2012. Such rankings paved the way for the star to feature in more prestigious print media magazines, such as the Sports Illustrated Swimsuits Issue. Again, it is important to highlight Beyonce’s stature as an icon of African-American descent because she was the second African-American woman to feature in this magazine (Tyra banks preceded her debut on the Magazine). Musical Icon Since Beyonce started her solo career as an artist, after breaking away from Destiny’s Child, she has cut out an image as an influential and powerful musician. This image has largely dominated most mainstream media because many commentators have portrayed Beyonce as a great and influential musician. Music critics, for example, consider Beyonce as the greatest musician of all time (â€Å"Beyonce, Jay-Z Top† par. 1). Influential commentators, such as Jody Rosen of th e New Yorker, hold this view. Surprisingly, most news media have upheld this image of the singer for a greater part of the last decade. In fact, 2013 rankings showed Beyonce leads other artists in exerting the most influence in America’s music industry. Her musical prowess prompted Luhrmann (12) to say, â€Å"No one has that voice, no one moves the way she moves, no one can hold an audience how she does. When Beyonce does an album, when Beyonce sings a song, when Beyonce does anything, it is an event, and it is broadly influential. Right now, she is the heir- ­apparent diva of the USA — the reigning national voice† (Luhrmann 12). Such views have brought a lot of national attention to Beyonce’s influence in mainstream music. The Guardian has even named her the greatest artist of the decade (Luhrmann 12). This image has elevated the mellow-voiced singer to iconic status in the music industry. This image has also enabled Beyonce to command unwavering respe ct in the industry. Observers say her production of two great musical singles of the decade (crazy in love and put a ring on it) marked the reinvention of Rhythm and Blues (RB) music in the last decade. Indeed, Luhrmann (12) says through Beyonce’s contribution to the music industry, pop music has relied on the success of RB, as its favorite medium. Beyonce’s influence in the RB genre has also replicated in redefining the success of other musicians. For example, evidence shows that Beyonce’s works have influenced other successful RB musicians, such as Adele and Rihanna to succeed. Seno and Lukas (121) say Beyonce’s reputation, as a successful artist, mainly stems from her strong stage presence. Through her success on stage, other artists, such as Rihanna, have reinvented their stage performances to make them more entertaining and captivating. Beyonce’s success beyond music has spilled over into marketing and branding (Seno and Lukas 121). Here, she has also influenced other artists to participate in marketing campaigns. For example, in a recent interview, Nicki Minaj claimed that Beyonce’s commercial success in a Pepsi campaign motivated her to try the same in a 2012 global campaign. Through her influence in the music industry and other artists, mainstream media continue to affirm Beyonce’s image as a music icon. Conclusion After weighing the findings of this paper, it is important to say Beyonce’s image in news media and academic sources differ. Notably, both sources focus on different aspects of the celebrity. News media portray the singer as a sex symbol, musical icon, and fashion icon. Comparatively, academic literatures appreciate the artist for her contribution to female empowerment and health education. These two zones of focus highlight different aspects of Beyonce. News media highlights her superficial and glamorous aspects of life, while academic literature highlights her beneficial contributions to society. A comparison of these two aspects of analysis shows that academic literature and news media share one similarity of depicting Beyonce in a positive way. Although news media concentrates on her glamour and splendor, they still show Beyonce’s positive contribution to the music industry. Evidence of her contribution to the RB genre is the most notable contribution to the music industry. News media also portray her as a mentor to upcoming and existing musicians. Overall, an assessment of Beyonce’s image in academic and news media shows that both media are sympathetic to the artist. Furthermore, both depictions of Beyonce’s image do not exaggerate her achievements and contributions. Instead, they portray a factual image of her personality and achievements. Both perceptions (from news media and academic sources) are also not stereotypical (however, academic literatures show the stereotypical background that influences the perception of African-American ar tists, such as Beyonce). Comprehensively, this paper shows that there are more similarities than differences between how academic literatures and news media portray Beyonce. Works Cited â€Å"Another jar of baby food?† Nutrition Food Science 39.1(2009): 49- 53. Print. Apple, Michael. â€Å"Democratic Education in Neoliberal and Neoconservative Times.†Ã‚  International Studies in Sociology of Education 21.1 (2011): 111-118. Print. Beyonce, Jay-Z Top Forbes’ Highest-Earning Celebrity Couple  List. 2013. Web. Borges, Marco 2012, Beyonce Knowles Workout Routine Diet Plan. Web. Celeste, Manoucheka. I’m Universal: Beyoncà © and the Re-Packaging of Black  Women in Media, Boston, MA: TBA, 2013. Print. Fan, Weihua. â€Å"Social Influences, School Motivation and Gender Differences: An Application of the Expectancy-Value Theory.† Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology 31.2 (2011): 117-122. Print. Luhrmann , Baz 2013, The 2013 Times 100. Web. â€Å"Men want a body like Beckham.† Nutrition Food Science 41.4 (2011): 238 – 241. Print. Murphy, Caryn. New Girl Order: Youth, Gender, and Generation in Contemporary  Teen Girls’ Media, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. Print. Seno, Diana and Lukas Bryan. â€Å"The equity effect of product endorsement by celebrities: A conceptual framework from a co-branding perspective.† European Journal of Marketing 41.1 (2007): 121 – 134. Print. This term paper on Who is Beyonce? was written and submitted by user Kn0x to help you with your own studies. 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